The Center for Research and Production of Vaccines and Biologicals, formerly known as the Sabin Polio Vaccine Research and Production Center (POLIOVAC), is a public healthcare institution under the Ministry of Health. It was established in 1994 based on the Polio Vaccine Production Department of the National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, with the function of researching and producing preventive vaccines and biological products to serve public healthcare and health protection. The Center was established under Decision No. 79/QD-BYT dated January 26, 1994, by the Minister of Health and was restructured under Decision No. 621/QD-TTg dated April 18, 2006, by the Prime Minister.

Over 30 years of development, despite numerous challenges and difficulties, the Center has built two GMP-certified vaccine production facilities in Hanoi and a primate breeding facility for vaccine research and development in Quang Ninh. At its establishment, the Center produced only one vaccine: Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV). To date, three additional vaccines have been developed: Measles vaccine, Measles-Rubella combination vaccine, and Rotavirus vaccine. These are essential vaccines included in the National Immunization Program. Through dedicated efforts, the Center has consistently provided adequate and timely supplies to meet national demand, even during disease outbreaks. Through its contributions, the Center has played a significant role in helping Vietnam eradicate Polio, control Measles and Rubella with the goal of elimination, and improve public health. Additionally, the Center actively invests in scientific research, embracing new technologies such as mRNA technology for vaccine production, developing diagnostic kits, expanding healthcare services, providing scientific and technological services to meet public and organizational needs, and promoting vaccine exports. These achievements result from the persistent efforts and dedication of the Center's leadership across different periods and generations of staff over the past 30 years, along with the guidance and support of the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Science and Technology, and cooperation and assistance from international organizations. Building upon these accomplishments, the Center's staff continues striving to develop the Center into a strong institution at the regional level and expanding globally.